Progress in Ternary Metal Oxides as Photocathodes for Water Splitting Cells: Optimization Strategies

The conversion of solar energy into fuels and, specifically hydrogen, is a critical process for ensuring the sustainability future system. Among different ways converting and chemicals, photoelectrochemical tandem cells, containing two photoactive materials, stand out as they have potential direct solar-to-fuel conversion, thus minimizing cost. implementation photoelectrolysis hydrogen generation hindered by lack suitable electrode particularly photocathodes. candidates photocathodes, ternary (and multinary) transition metal oxides advantage lower cost potentially, higher stability than other compounds. Herein, aim to provide an overview current state art (spinels, delafossites, perovskites, etc.), with focus on modification strategies that can optimize their behavior applicability. Both copper-based iron-based are most studied currently, promising. being used optimization, doping, deposition underlayers overlayers, use cocatalysts popular. However, it apparent both solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies will need be addressed in future. Some guidelines this respect also provided.